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Talking About Writing
Need-to-Know Terms
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Talking About Writing
Writing, as a discipline, has its own terminology and jargon which includes the following:
Writing Process
Draft
Prewriting
Invention
Thesis Statement
Introduction
Body Paragraph
Transitions
Conclusion
Revision
Proofreading
Citation
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
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Writing Process
Writing as Process vs. Writing as Product
Processes = the ways we write
Products = the things we write
Processes lead to Products
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Drafts
“Draft” = a completed version of a project
Typically, subsequent “drafts” of written assignments do not add anything major to each new version
Each draft represents efforts at refining an already completed project, NOT adding new sections of material
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Prewriting / Invention
Prewriting / Invention = all the activities a writer does before writing any draft of a written assignment
These activities could include:
Brainstorming
Research
Outlining
Summarizing main ideas
Making a diagram or other schematic.
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Thesis Statement
Thesis Statement = The main idea or main point of a written assignment.
It is specific
It often appears at the end of the first paragraph of a paper
It can be modified to reflect what actually ended up being discussed in the paper
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Introductions
“Introduction” = the broad beginning of a written assignment
It should answer these questions:
What is this paper about?
Why am I reading it?
What do you want me to do?
It should set the context for the paper
It should state why the main idea is important
A thesis statement is typically placed at the end of an introduction
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Body Paragraphs
“Body Paragraph” = paragraph between the Introduction and the Conclusion
Each Body Paragraph typically follows the pattern here
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Transitions
“Transition” = words or phrases that connect ideas in one paragraph with ideas in the next
Effective transitions use key phrases from a previous paragraph in the next paragraph
Some common transitional devices:
furthermore, in addition, moreover
on the contrary, in contrast, meanwhile
however, nevertheless
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Conclusions
“Conclusion” = the end parts written assignments that wrap up what authors have been discussing in their papers
Conclusions could
Restate the topic and its importance
Restate the thesis statement
Resolve opposing viewpoints
Include a call for action
Overview future research possibilities
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Revision and Proofreading
“Revision” = any beneficial change to a paper from one draft to another
Generally, “revision” means larger changes with structure or content
“Proofreading” = means only revising to correct spelling or grammatical errors
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Citations
“Citations” = the methods writers use to reference the sources they quote
Modern Language Association (MLA): Purdue OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01/
American Psychological Association (APA): Purdue OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
Chicago Manual of Style (CMS): Purdue OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/
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Primary vs. Secondary Research
“Primary Research” = any type of research you go out and collect yourself
“Secondary Research” = every other kind of research
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For More Information
For more OWL resources, see the following:
Essay Writing
Prewriting (Invention)
Creating a Thesis Statement
Introductions, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusions for Argument Papers
Introductions, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusions for Exploratory Papers
Transitions and Transitional Devices
Proofreading
Paramedic Method
Reverse Paramedic Method
MLA 2009 Formatting and Style Guide
APA Formatting and Style Guide
Chicago Manual of Style
Conducting Primary Research
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For More Information
Purdue Writing Lab Phone Number: 765-494-3723
Purdue OWL: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/
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