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1 слайд
Direct Speech / Quo
Indirect Speech
Saying exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted speech).
Here what a person says appears within quotation marks ("...") and should be word for word.
Indirect Speech / Reported Speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word.
When transforming sentences from direct into indirect speech, you have to change:
pronouns;
place and time expressions;
tenses (backshift).
2 слайд
Indirect Speech
Indirect speech is introduced by verbs of communication:
to agree, to announce, to answer, to approve, to argue, to ask, to breathe out, to call, to claim, to confess, to confute, to contradict, to counter, to cry out, to declare, to demand, to disagree, to disapprove, to exclaim, to explain, to groan, to grumble, to hint, to implore, to inquire, to interrogate, to mention, to murmur, to mutter, to notice, to order, to plead, to proclaim, to propose, to refuse, to rejoin, to remark, to repeat, to reply, to report, to respond, to retort, to say, to scream, to shout, to state, to suggest, to try to find out, to want to know, to utter, to whisper, to wonder, to yell.
3 слайд
Indirect Speech.
Affirmative sentences
You are pretty.
You are so intelligent.
You dance so well.
You've got [have got] lovely hair.
I'll never forget this day.
He said I was pretty.
He said I was so intelligent.
He said I danced so well.
He said I had got lovely hair.
He said he would never forget that day.
4 слайд
Indirect Speech. General Questions
Do you like ballet?
Have you ever been to Boston?
He asked me if/whether I liked ballet.
He asked me if/whether I had ever been to Boston.
5 слайд
Indirect Speech. Special Questions
Where do you study?
What are you reading?
When will we meet again?
Why don't you stay longer?
He asked me where I studied.
He asked me what I was reading.
He asked me when I should meet him again.
He asked me why I didn't stay longer.
6 слайд
Indirect Speech.
Imperative Sentences
He asked me to give him my telephone number.
He asked me to ring him up the next morning.
He asked me to help him to translate an article from English.
Give me your telephone number, please.
Ring me up tomorrow.
Help me to translate an article from English!
7 слайд
Sequence of Tenses
*W hen a Yes/No question is asked in direct speech, then use a construction with if or whether. If a WH question is asked, then use the WH to introduce the clause.
8 слайд
The situation changes if instead of the common said another part of the very to say is used. In that case the verb tenses usually remain the same.
9 слайд
Another situation is the one in which modal constructions are used. If the verb said is used, then the form of the modal, or another modal that has a past meaning is used.
10 слайд
Also transformations of adverbs of place, time and demonstrative pronouns take place.
now
here
this, these
today
tomorrow
yesterday
next week
next year
last week
last year
then
there
that, those
that day
the following day
the previous day
the following week
the following year
the previous week
the year before
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